Do you know the two most important things needed to play poker? Money and discipline. Without discipline you are destined to lose all of your poker money…and without poker money, you won’t actually be able to play. This is why BRM, or bankroll management, is so important.
A good BRM strategy ensures that you always have enough money to play in your games and can withstand normal poker variance. A good general rule is the 20 buy-in rule which states a NLHE cash game player should always have at least 20 buy-ins for the level they’re playing…but this video/article combo goes a step further and looks at professional players and also shot taking.
Welcome to this Quick Plays video on bankroll management. Bankroll management, also referred to as BRM, is a core principle that all successful poker players must understand and abide by. Knowing how to manage and allocate our bankroll keeps us in the game and away from being broke. So let’s explore this powerful concept…
You may have heard the popular poker adage โplaying within your bankroll.โ This phrase can mean two things:
- Having a big enough bankroll to withstand common variance
- Playing a level that your bankroll AND poker skill level support
Poker Money & Variance
As we all know, there is a lot of variance in poker. Sometimes everything goes right and we feel like geniuses, and other times everything goes wrong and our opponents hit every flush draw against us. So it’s important that our bankroll can handle these common fluctuations (also known as variance).
The common rule for NL cash game players is 20BI. So if you play $1/$2 live cash games and buy in for 100bb, or $200, then you should have a bankroll of at least $4,000. And if you play $25NL on online and buy-in for 100bb then you should have a bankroll of at least $500. This rule ensures that you never buy-in at the table for more than 5% of your bankroll.
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Why 20 Buy-Ins?
The idea is to have a big enough bankroll to withstand typical poker variance and lower your risk of ruin (aka risk of going broke). Now for a recreational player, this isn’t as big of a deal. If you play poker as a hobby you can always add to your bankroll later with paychecks and savings. And if you play as a hobby you don’t fully depend on poker winnings to support you.
Professional poker players on the other hand, ones who make most or all of their income from playing, will want much larger bankrolls. This is because they will take from their bankroll to pay their bills, they want an emergency fund in case things go wrong, and it’s really hard to play poker is you don’t have any money! And even moreso for professional online players who playing lots of tables and can easily have 20+ buy-ins spread across all of their games.
For professional players I usually suggest closer to 50BI for live play and closer to 100BI for multitabling online. It’s conservative, but better safe than sorry when your monetary livelihood depends on it.
Playing Stakes You Can Win At
The other aspect of โplaying within your bankrollโ is playing a level that your bankroll AND skills support. Just because you are a recreational player with $10k in the bank doesn’t necessarily mean you should be playing $400NL online. Sure you have 25BI for it, more than the 20BI minimum, but if you can’t beat $400NL, what’s the point?
You’d be better off playing a smaller game that you have positive expected value in than playing a higher game that you’d lose in…even if your bankroll would allow you to play it. All of this talk about bankroll management assumes that you are a winning player. If someone is a losing player, making tons of common poker mistakes, then BRM would only prolong the time until they are broke.
But enough theory, let me really show you why BRM is vital:
Why Bother With Bankroll Management?
Let’s say you only have $100 to your name and you sit in this $100NL game. As we know 1BI is nowhere close to good BRM, and here’s why. Say EP open-shoves for $100 and it folds to you with AA in the BB. This is a great situation and the easiest call in the world! And for whatever reason, villain shows us he has KK (instead of a poker range which contains KK along with a other starting hands) which we obviously crush.
However, like most poker situations, even though we are crushing our opponent he still has some equity and will win this hand a portion of the time. In fact, his KK has 18% equity against us which means not only will we lose 18% of the time…but we’ll actually be dead broke 18% of the time. And while this is an extreme example, just losing your poker bankroll 18% of the time would be awful. Again, it’s tough to play poker if you don’t have any poker money!
Poker Variance & Bankrolls
And just to show you something, here is a poker variance calculator from PokerDope.com If we plug in some simple numbers we can visualize possible downswings and variance within a sample. Let’s plug in a 3BB/100 winrate, a standard deviation of 75, and a sample size of 100k hands. You can change all of these numbers to match your own…such as if you know your WR is different or the standard deviation from your poker database is different.
But with these numbers we see two big things:
First, notice the absolute worst performer in a 20 player simulation actually lost over 46buy-ins in this sample. It would be nice to be the player who ran +104 buy-ins…but we can’t all be huge luckboxes. So while 100k hands may seem like a lot, and even with a positive winrate, it’s possible to lose a lot of buy-ins due to significant runbad that none of us are exempt from.
And second is the possible downswings. If we stretch the sample size to 1 million hands we see a player can hit three huge downswings of 37, 37, and 35 buy-ins. If a professional only used a 20BI bankroll he could have easily been wiped out by standard variance. A recreational poker player doesn’t fully rely on poker income and can always supplement their bankroll…a professional player doesn’t have that luxury if poker is their main income.
Consider Implementing Stop Losses
Stop losses are predetermined limits that, when reached, prompt you to end a session.
Setting stop losses helps prevent small losses from spiraling into significant bankroll burners.
This tip becomes especially important if you struggle with tilt or other mental game issues. While easier to implement in live cash games, you can also set virtual stop losses for online play.
Adhere to your stop losses strictly to protect your bankroll and prevent emotional decision-making.
Moving Up & Down Limits
I also want to mention moving up and down real quick, since this is directly related to BRM. First, is that if you use BRM the chances of you going broke are very small. If you start playing 100NL online (fun fact: the ‘best online casinos’ in Finland are called parhaat netticasinot) with a $2K bankroll and overtime your bankroll drops to $1K, you should move down since you have a proper bankroll for 50NL. Assuming you keep moving down when your bankroll forces you to you would have to lose more than 50 buy-ins before you hit 2NL…which isn’t very likely for a winning player.
Taking Shots With Your Poker Bankroll
You may be wondering when, and how, to take shots with your bankroll. The truth is that most players tend to play the same limit for way too long, and end up stagnating both their strategy and potential winrate as a result.
I personally suggest most players use a “15/2” BRM strategy.
Push play, and I’ll explain what this is:
Overall, the exact BRM strategy you use to take shots is based upon three main things:
- Your actual skill level
- Your risk tolerance
- Your goals with poker
I wouldn’t suggest that a losing player focus on taking shots. Rather, if you know you are currently a losing player, it would be best to focus on improving your strategy.
As for risk tolerance and your overall poker goals, these are very personal. However, even though most people have a fairly low-risk tolerance, I highly suggest you exercise this trait. Not that you should become a degenerate who is always on the verge of being broke, but never risking money without certainty is a great way to miss heaps of +EV opportunities.
The Worst Kind Of Poker Money: Rake
Another reason why I suggest being so aggressive with taking shots, especially early on, is that the rake is brutal at lower limits. Even if you are crushing a winrate against other players in your game, if the rake is too high, it makes growing a sustainable bankroll nearly impossible.
So taking shots to hopefully minimize the amount of time you spend in the rake traps that are micro limit stakes is super valuable.
Keep Detailed Records of Your Bankroll
Drucker once said, “You can’t manage what you don’t measure.”
The same applies to your poker bankroll.
Keeping accurate and detailed records of your bankroll is essential for effective management. Maintain a record of your current bankroll, wins, losses, and overall performance at various stakes and formats. This helps you identify trends, make adjustments, and assess your progress over time. Utilize tools like PokerStack (iOS or Android) or PokerTracker 4 to simplify the record-keeping process.
Plus, you will need these records if you live in a country that requires you to file taxes on poker earnings.
Conclusion
BRM is a key principle of all winning poker players. Having enough money to keep you in the game and diminish your risk of ruin is huge. Don’t be an ego player. Play games you know you can win when you have the money to play them. If you don’t have the money or skill now, keep working to grow both your bankroll and ability.
And one last note, is that you don’t have to bring your whole bankroll with you at all times. Just because you have $4,000 to play $1/$2 live doesn’t mean you need to bring $4K in cash with you the casino. Just make sure you have the $4k set aside as your poker bankroll so you can weather the variance.
Same as always, if you have any questions please don’t hesitate to let me know. Otherwise, good luck and happy grinding!
